Salivary glucose levels in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A tool for monitoring glycemic control

B Kartheeki; Abhishek Singh Nayyar; A Ravikiran; Y Samatha; KV Chalapathi; M Prasanthi; K Srikanth

doi:10.4103/ijcpc.ijcpc_3_16

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Year : 2017 | Volume : 1 | Issue : 1 | Page : 7-14

Salivary glucose levels in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A tool for monitoring glycemic control

B Kartheeki¹, Abhishek Singh Nayyar¹, A Ravikiran², Y Samatha², KV Chalapathi³, M Prasanthi⁴, K Srikanth⁵
¹ Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Saraswati-Dhanwantari Dental College and Hospital and Post-Graduate Research Institute, Parbhani, Maharashtra, India
² Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
³ Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, KLR's Lenora Institute of Dental Sciences, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India
⁴ Department of Biochemistry, Asram Medical College, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India
⁵ Department of Endocrinology, Endolife Hospital, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India

Correspondence Address:
Abhishek Singh Nayyar
44, Behind Singla Nursing Home, New Friends' Colony, Model Town, Panipat - 132 103, Haryana
India

Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None

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DOI: 10.4103/ijcpc.ijcpc_3_16

Background and Aim of the Study: Diabetes mellitus (DM) requires a frequent monitoring of sera glucose levels in the body. This requirement of multiple pricking at regular intervals for monitoring sera glucose levels in the body is physically and psychologically traumatic to the patient. This necessitates a noninvasive procedure like salivary glucose estimation. The aim of this study was to assess whether salivary glucose levels can be used as a means of regular monitoring of DM without the need for serial invasive procedure required for sera glucose level estimations. Subjects and Methods: The study group comprised 300 patients, divided into three sub-groups: Group 1 (healthy controls/nondiabetic patients; n = 50); Group 2 (controlled diabetic patients; n = 125); and Group 3 (uncontrolled diabetic patients; n = 125). After explaining the need for the study and obtaining consent, salivary sample collection was performed in the morning hours between 9.00 a.m. and 11.00 a.m. immediately after obtainment of the sera samples. Salivary and sera glucose levels were measured using glucose oxidase method. Statistical Analysis Performed: Statistical analysis was performed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16 software. The difference between means and standard deviations (SDs) between the groups were assessed using ANOVA one-way test, whereas multiple comparisons between different groups were carried out using Tukey's honest significant difference test. The value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant and a value <0.01 was considered highly statistically significant. Results: In this study, salivary glucose levels increased with sera glucose levels with the correlation coefficient between sera and unstimulated salivary glucose levels in the controls being 0.517, in controlled diabetics being 0.470 and in uncontrolled diabetics being 0.498 (P < 0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded from this study that saliva can be used as a potential tool in the regular monitoring of DM.

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